What are catecholamines?

Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal glands, they include dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are involved in the fight-or-flight response, meaning they prepare the body for physical activity through effects on the sympathetic nervous system. After being broken down by the body catecholamine is secreted in the urine. The level of catecholamine in the urine can therefore be an indicator of diseases associated with catecholamine levels in the body.

Conditions associated with catecholamine levels include pheochromocytoma (adrenal cell tumours). Symptoms include high blood pressure, unusual heartbeat, weight loss, headaches and anxiety.

Why take the test?

This test measures the level of each of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine in the urine over a 24 hour period. It is typically used to aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumours) or neuroblastoma in children.

It is important to note that stress, exercise and certain foods can affect catecholamine production, so should be avoided during and for 48 hours preceding the test. These include coffee and tea, chocolate, vanilla, bananas, avocados, citrus, liquorice, cheese and walnuts.